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GRAMMAR: 1) Structural Particle 地; 2) Reduplication of Adjectives

In this HSK 3 video lesson we'll learn how to correctly use 结构助词“地” (jiégòu zhùcí “de” ▸ Structural Particle 地) and how to properly use 形容词的重叠 (xíngróngcí de chóngdié ▸ Reduplication of Adjectives).

  • 结构助词“地” (jiégòu zhùcí “de” ▸ Structural Particle 地)
  • 形容词的重叠 (xíngróngcí de chóngdié ▸ Reduplication of Adjectives) (II)

 

GRAMMAR


Grammar 1. 结构助词“地”

Jiégòu Zhùcí “de” ▸ Structural Particle 地

  See also Possessive Particle 的; 2) Structural Particle 的: 的字短语 The 的 Phrase.
  See also 结构助词“得” (Jiégǒu Zhùcí "de" ▸ Structural Particle 得).

When we use Structural Particle 得, we follow this structure:

adj. (phrase) + 地 + v. (phrase)

In this structure, the adj. (phrase) is the Adverbial used to modify the v. phrase. Below are some examples:

  • Zhāng Āyí zhōngyú gāoxìng de xiào le.
    张阿姨终于高兴地笑了。
    Aunt Zhang finally happi(ly) smiled.
  • Tā xiǎoxīn de jǔ qǐ le shǒu.
    他小心地举起了手。
    He careful(ly) raised-up (his) hand.
  • Tā gāoxìng de tiào le qǐlái.
    他高兴地跳了起来。
    He happi(ly) jumped-up.

Notice that the adjective used before 地 has to be more than one character. For example, we cannot say 快地解决, we have to say 快速地解决 or 很快地解决 instead.

 

Grammar 2. 形容词的重叠 (II)

Xíngróngcí De Chóngdié (II) ▸ Reduplication of Adjectives (II)

  See also Reduplication of Adjectives (I).
  See also Reduplication of Verbs (I); Reduplication of Verbs (II).

Reduplication of Adjectives can be used as:

  1. Attributive to describe something or someone
  2. Adverbial
  3. Complement of State

Reduplication of Adjectives are used to:

  1. indicates high degree
  2. usually expressing a positive attitude on the speaker’s side
  3. usually approving and/or appreciative

 

(1) Reduplication of Adjectives as Attribute:

  • lánlán de tiān
    蓝蓝的天
    (approving) very blue sky
  • ānānjìngjìng de huánjìng
    安安静静的环境
    (approving) very quiet environment

(2) Reduplication of Adjectives as Adverbial:

  • Dàjiā zǎozǎo de xiǎng hǎo le jiějué bànfǎ.
    大家早早地想好了解决办法。
    Everyone very-early thought-well (the) method to solve (it).
  • Hāizi men ānānjìngjìng de zuò zhe tīng gùshi.
    孩子们安安静静地坐着听故事。
    (The) children very-quiet(ly) are-sitting (while) listening to (the) story.

(3) Reduplication of Adjectives as Complement of State:

  • Wǒ bǎ chènshān xǐ de báibái de, gānjìng jí le.
    我把衬衫洗得白白的,干净极了。
    I (-) “ba” (the) shirt (-) washed very-white, (and it is now) clean-(to the degree:)-extremely.
  • Tā bǎ chē kāi zǒu le, kāi de yuǎnyuǎn de.
    他把车开走了,开得远远的。
    He (-) “ba”{indicating the handling of} (the) vehicle (-) drove-away, (and he) drove (it) very-far.

 

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