Level 3 Lesson 42.2 – 公司能这么快速地发展，是因为大家的努力。
GRAMMAR: 1) Structural Particle 地; 2) Reduplication of Adjectives
In this HSK 3 video lesson we'll learn how to correctly use 结构助词“地” (jiégòu zhùcí “de” ▸ Structural Particle 地) and how to properly use 形容词的重叠 (xíngróngcí de chóngdié ▸ Reduplication of Adjectives).
- 结构助词“地” (jiégòu zhùcí “de” ▸ Structural Particle 地)
- 形容词的重叠 (xíngróngcí de chóngdié ▸ Reduplication of Adjectives) (II)
GRAMMAR
Grammar 1. 结构助词“地”
Jiégòu Zhùcí “de” ▸ Structural Particle 地
| ☑ See also Possessive Particle 的; 2) Structural Particle 的: 的字短语 The 的 Phrase. |
| ☑ See also 结构助词“得” (Jiégǒu Zhùcí "de" ▸ Structural Particle 得). |
When we use Structural Particle 得, we follow this structure:
adj. (phrase) + 地 + v. (phrase)
In this structure, the adj. (phrase) is the Adverbial used to modify the v. phrase. Below are some examples:
- Zhāng Āyí zhōngyú gāoxìng de xiào le.
张阿姨终于高兴地笑了。
Aunt Zhang finally happi(ly) smiled. - Tā xiǎoxīn de jǔ qǐ le shǒu.
他小心地举起了手。
He careful(ly) raised-up (his) hand. - Tā gāoxìng de tiào le qǐlái.
他高兴地跳了起来。
He happi(ly) jumped-up.
Notice that the adjective used before 地 has to be more than one character. For example, we cannot say ✗快地解决, we have to say ✓快速地解决 or ✓很快地解决 instead.
Grammar 2. 形容词的重叠 (II)
Xíngróngcí De Chóngdié (II) ▸ Reduplication of Adjectives (II)
| ☑ See also Reduplication of Adjectives (I). |
| ☑ See also Reduplication of Verbs (I); Reduplication of Verbs (II). |
Reduplication of Adjectives can be used as:
- Attributive to describe something or someone
- Adverbial
- Complement of State
Reduplication of Adjectives are used to:
- indicates high degree
- usually expressing a positive attitude on the speaker’s side
- usually approving and/or appreciative
(1) Reduplication of Adjectives as Attribute:
- lánlán de tiān
蓝蓝的天
(approving) very blue sky - ānānjìngjìng de huánjìng
安安静静的环境
(approving) very quiet environment
(2) Reduplication of Adjectives as Adverbial:
- Dàjiā zǎozǎo de xiǎng hǎo le jiějué bànfǎ.
大家早早地想好了解决办法。
Everyone very-early thought-well (the) method to solve (it). - Hāizi men ānānjìngjìng de zuò zhe tīng gùshi.
孩子们安安静静地坐着听故事。
(The) children very-quiet(ly) are-sitting (while) listening to (the) story.
(3) Reduplication of Adjectives as Complement of State:
- Wǒ bǎ chènshān xǐ de báibái de, gānjìng jí le.
我把衬衫洗得白白的，干净极了。
I (-) “ba” (the) shirt (-) washed very-white, (and it is now) clean-(to the degree:)-extremely. - Tā bǎ chē kāi zǒu le, kāi de yuǎnyuǎn de.
他把车开走了，开得远远的。
He (-) “ba”{indicating the handling of} (the) vehicle (-) drove-away, (and he) drove (it) very-far.