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Level 2 Lesson 19.1 – These Are (Ones That) Everyone Ordered Together

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The "De" Phrase in Chinese - 的 Phrase 的字短语

In today's video lesson we’ll learn how use The "De" Phrase in Chinese (的 Phrase, 的字短语) as an Attributive and as a Noun Phrase in Chinese. We'll also learn how to say a clause with while/ when in Chinese and some phrases with 时候 such as 有时候, 小时候, 这时候, 那时候.

  • The "De" Phrase in Chinese - 的 Phrase 的字短语 (1) as an Attributive
  • The "De" Phrase in Chinese - 的 Phrase 的字短语 (2) as a Noun Phrase
  • While / When in Chinese
  • Phrases 有时候 小时候 这时候 那时候

VOCABULARY


EXPRESSIONS


GRAMMAR


Grammar 1: The "De" Phrase in Chinese - 的 Phrase 的字短语 (1) · HSK 2

See also Possessive Particle 的

The "De" Phrase in Chinese - 的 Phrase 的字短语 is mostly used as an Attributive, 定语 dìngyǔ.

An Attributive in Chinese, usually goes before a Noun (Phrase). An Attributive can limit, identify, describe, particularize, or supplement the meaning of the Noun (Phrase). And 的 is like the link that helps put together the Noun (Phrase) and its Attributive. A "De" Phrase in Chinese usually goes like this in Chinese:

[ X + 的 ] + Noun (Phrase)

In a 的 phrase, the part that goes before 的 ("X") , can have a few grammatical structures:

  1. a Noun (Phrase)
  2. an Adjective (Phrase)
  3. a Verb (Phrase)
  4. a short sentence

 

(1) "X" as a Noun Phrase

[noun (phrase) +  ] + Noun (Phrase)

For example,

  • zhè dào cài de jiàgé
    这道菜的价格
    this "dao" (of) dish's price
  • dājiā de dǎsuàn
    大家的打算
    everyone's plan

 

(2) "X" as an Adjective Phrase

[adj. (phrase) + ] + Noun (Phrase)

  • kuàilè de háizi
    快乐的孩子
    happy children
  • rè de kāfēi
    热的咖啡
    hot coffee

 

(3) "X" as a Verb Phrase

[Verb (phrase) +  ] + Noun (Phrase)

  • sòng wàimài de fúwùyuán
    送外卖的服务员
    server (who) delivers delivery food
  • gěi nǐ zhǔnbèi de lǐwù
    给你准备的礼物
    gift prepared for you

 

(4) "X" as a short sentence

[short sentence + ] + Noun (Phrase)

For example,

  • tóngshì sòng wǒ de shū
    同事送我的书
    (a) book (that) (my) coworker gave me
  • jīnglǐ gàosu tā de jiàgé
    经理告诉他的价格
    (the) price (that) (the) manager told him

 

Grammar 2: The "De" Phrase in Chinese - 的 Phrase 的字短语 (2) · HSK 2

A 的 phrase can also be used as if it were a Noun Phrase.  This is because when the real Noun Phrase is implied by the context, and is omitted, the 的 Phrase then function as the Noun Phrase with the Attributive.

The structure is like so:

[X + ] + Noun (Phrase)

Again the "X" here can either be a Noun Phrase, an Adjective Phrase, a Verb Phrase, or a short sentence.

For example,

  • zhè dào cài shì nà jiā fàn guǎn de
    这道菜是那家饭馆的。
    This dish is that "jia" restaurant's.
  • yīfu wǒ xǐhuan piányi de, bù xǐhuan guì de
    衣服我喜欢便宜的,不喜欢贵的。
    Clothing(,) I like cheap (ones), (I do) not like expensive (ones).
  • sòng wàimài de shì shéi
    送外卖的是谁?
    Who is (the one that) delivers delivery food?
  • nǐ gěi tā de shì zhège ma
    你给他的是这个吗?
    Is this one (the one that) you gave him?

 

Grammar 3: While / When in Chinese ...的时候 · HSK 2

We've learned how to ask when in Chinese with 什么时候. If we want to say a clause with while / when in Chinese, we can use this structure:

... 的时候

For example,

  • zài fànguǎn kàn càidān de shíhou diǎn cài
    在饭馆看菜单的时候点菜。
    Order dishes while looking at menu at the restaurant.
  • bù xiǎng zuòfàn de shíhou, wǒmen kěyǐ jiào wàimài
    不想做饭的时候,我们可以叫外卖。
    When (you) don't want to cook meal, we can order delivery/takeout food.
  • xiě zuòyè de shíhou bú yào chī dōngxi
    写作业的时候不要吃东西。
    Don't eat stuff while writing homework.
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