Level 3 Lesson 45.2 – 出了这么大的事，他当然担心得不敢睡觉。

GRAMMAR

Summary. 补语

Bǔyǔ ▸ Complements

Grammar 1. 动词短语做状态补语

Dòngcí Duǎnyǔ zuò Zhuàngtài Bǔyǔ ▸ Verb Phrase as Complement of State

Let's see some example sentences:

• Háizi men tūrán gāoxìng de tiào le qǐlái.
  孩子们突然高兴得跳了起来。
  (The) children sudden(ly) (were) happy(-to-the-state-)(that they) jumped-up.
• Chū le zhème dà de shì, tā dāngrán dānxīn de bùgǎn shuìjiào.
  出了这么大的事，他当然担心得不敢睡觉。
  (There) (has) happened this big (of a) matter, he of-course worries(-to-the-state-)(that he does) not dare to sleep.

• Wèile zhàogù háizi, tā zuìjìn máng de yìdiǎnr kòng dōu méiyǒu.
  为了照顾孩子，他最近忙得一点儿空都没有。
  For(-the purpose of) looking-after (the) child, he (in) recent-times (is) busy(-to-the-state-)(that he) a-little-bit (of) free(-time) even (does) not-have.
• Tā lèi de yì huí jiā jiù shuìzháo le.
  他累得一回家就睡着了。
  He (is) tired(-to-the-state-)(that) (-) “once immediately after” (he) returned home (-) (he) fell-asleep.

Grammar 2. 主谓短语做状态补语

Zhǔwèi Duǎnyǔ zuò Zhuàngtài Bǔyǔ ▸ Subject-Predicate Phrase as Complement of State

过 can be 动态助词 (Dòngtài Zhùcí ▸ Dynamic Particle; Aspect Particle ) and also 趋向动词 (Qūxiàng Dòngcí ▸ Directional Verbs):

Let's see some example sentences:

• Lǎoshī jiǎngkè jiǎng de zuǐba dōu kě le.
  老师讲课讲得嘴巴都渴了。
  (The) teacher gives-lesson gives(-to-the-state-)(that their) mouth (is) even thirsty (already).
• Tiān hūrán xià xuě le, dàjiā dōu lěng de bízi hónghóng de.
  天忽然下雪了，大家都冷得鼻子红红的。
  (The) sky suddenly goes-down snow, everyone all (is) cold(-to-the-state-)(that their) noses (are) very-red.
• Shān shang de fēng guā de wǒ ěrduo téng.
  山上的风刮得我耳朵疼。
  (The) mountain-surface’s wind blows(-to-the-state-)(that) I (-) ears (are) painful.

Grammar 3. 句子做状态补语

Jùzi zuò Zhuàngtài Bǔyǔ ▸ Sentence as Complement of State

Let's see some example sentences:

(1) Simple Sentence as Complement of State

• Zhè fèn gōngzuò máng de tā méi shíjiān zhàogù háizi.
  这份工作忙得他没时间照顾孩子。
  This “fen” (of) job (is) busy(-to-the-state-)(that) he (does) not-have time to look-after (his) child.
• Zhè dào tí nán de yígòng zhǐyǒu liǎng ge xuésheng zuò duì le.
  这道题难得一共只有两个学生做对了。
  This “dao” (of) question (is) difficult(-to-the-state-)(that) (there) altogether only exists two “ge” (of) students doing (it) correct(ly).

(2) Compound Sentence as Complement of State

• Máo Lǎoshī jiǎng de kè tèbié hǎo, hǎo de zhǐyào tīng guo yí biàn jiù néng tīng de dǒng.
  毛老师讲的课特别好，好得只要听过一遍就能听得懂。
  (The) class told (by) Teacher Mao (is) especially good, good(-to-the-state-)(that) “as long as” (someone has) “ever” listened (for) one “time” “then” (they) can listen(-with-the-result-of-)understanding.
• Tā de bìng zhòng de zhǐyǒu zhùyuàn cái hǎo de liǎo.
  他的病重得只有住院才好得了。
  His sickness (is) serious(-to-the-state-)(that) only-with-the-condition(-that) (he) being-hospitalized “then” (he) has-the-potential-to-be-able-to (be) good.

(3) “把” Structure as Complement of State

• Tā jí de bǎ zhàogù xiǎo māo de shìqing wàngjì le.
  他急得把照顾小猫的事情忘记了。
  He (is) impatient(-and-)anxious(-to-the-state-)(that) he (-) “ba”{indicating the handling of} (the) thing of looking-after (the) little cat (-) forgot-about.
• Tiānqì rè de dàjiā dōu bǎ kōngtiáo dǎkāi le.
  天气热得大家都把空调打开了。
  (The) weather (is) hot(-to-the-state-)(that) everyone all (has) (-) “ba”{indicating the handling of} (the) air-conditioner (-) turned-on.