Level 3 Lesson 48.2 – 大家都认为他一定能想出办法来。

GRAMMAR

Review. 趋向补语

Qūxiàng Bǔyǔ ▸ Complements of Direction

Review. 趋向补语 “出” “出来”

Qūxiàng Bǔyǔ "chū" "chūlái"▸ Complements of Direction "出" "出来"

We have learned before that 趋向动词 (Qūxiàng Dòngcí ▸ Directional Verbs) 出 and 出来 can be used as Complements of Direction, for example:

• Tā zhōngyú cóng bù kāixīn de guòqù zǒu chūlái le.
  他终于从不开心的过去走出来了。
  He finally from not happy -de- past walked-outwards (already).
• Tā cóng qiānbāo li ná chū yìbǎi rénmínbì.
  他从钱包里拿出一百人民币。
  He from (the) wallet-inside grabbed-out 100 renminbi.
• Tā cóng qiānbāo li ná chū yìbǎi rénmínbì lái.
  他从钱包里拿出一百人民币来。
  He from (the) wallet-inside grabbed-out 100 renminbi.

In the above sentences, chu and 出来 both indicate 方向(fāngxiàng ▸ direction)

Grammar 1. 趋向补语的结果义：“出” “出来”

Qūxiàng Bǔyǔ de jiéguǒ yì: "chū" "chūlái"▸ The resultative meaning of Complements of Direction: "出" "出来"

In today's lesson, 趋向动词 (Qūxiàng Dòngcí ▸ Directional Verbs) 出 and 出来 are also used as Complements of Direction, but instead of indicating 方向(fāngxiàng ▸ direction), they indicate 结果(jiéguǒ ▸ result).

The 结果 here can usually be a process

• 从“没有”到“有” from "non-existing" to "existing"
• 从“不清楚”到“清楚” from "no clear" to "clear"
• 从“不容易被看到、听到、感觉到……” 到“容易被看到、听到、感觉到……” from "not easily seen, heard, felt…" to "easily seen, heard, felt…"

Let's see some example sentences:

(1) Verb + 出 + Object

• Gēnjù zhè dào tí de yāoqiú, wǒmen xūyào xuǎn chū yìsi xiāngtóng de liǎng ge cíyǔ.
  根据这道题的要求，我们需要选出意思相同的两个词语。
  According to (the) requirement of this “dao” (of) question, we need to choose(-with-the-result-of-)(getting-)out two “ge” (of) words (that are of) the-same meaning.
• Néng wèn chū zhèyàng de wèntí, biǎoshì nǐ de Zhōngwén shǔipíng yǐjiāng bǐjiào gāo le.
  能问出这样的问题，表示你的中文水平已经比较高了。
  (The fact that you) can ask(-with-the-result-of-)(getting-)out (a) question like-this(,) (it) indicates that your Chinese level (is) already comparatively high.
• Duìyú zhè ge xiàngmù, Yú Jīnglǐ biǎoshì chū le jí dà de xìngqù.
  对于这个项目，于经理表示出了极大的兴趣。
  To this “ge” (of) project, Manager Yu (has) expressed(-with-the-result-of-)(getting-)out extremely great interest (already).

(2) Verb + 出 + Object + 来

• Zhè liǎng ge guójiā de wénhuà yǒu hěn duō xiāngtóng de dìfang, nǐ néng shuō chū jǐ ge lìzi lái ma?
  这两个国家的文化有很多相同的地方，你能说出几个例子来吗？
  These two “ge” (of) countries’ cultures have very many places (that are) the-same, can you say(-with-the-result-of-)(getting-)out several “ge” (of) examples?
• Wǒ hǎo pà nǐ huì jí chū bìng lái.
  我好怕你会急出病来。
  I am so afraid you will get sick from worry.

(3) Verb + 出来

• Tā jīhū bǎ zhè liǎng fú huà li xiāngtóng de dìfang dōu zhǎo chūlái le.
  他几乎把这两幅画里相同的地方都找出来了。
  He found out almost all the similarities between these two paintings.
• Fàngxīn, wǒ yídìng néng bǎ xiǎotōu rèn chūlái.
  放心，我一定能把小偷认出来。 Be-at-ease, I can certainly recognize the thief.

Grammar 2. 趋向补语的结果义做可能补语

Qūxiàng Bǔyǔ de jiéguǒ yì zuò Kěnéng Bǔyǔ: "chū" "chūlái"▸ The resultative meaning of Complement of Direction as Potential Complement

For example,

(1) Verb + 得出

• Nǐ fàngxīn, wǒmen yídìng zhǎo de chū yuányīn.
  你放心，我们一定找得出原因。
  Don’t worry, we can certainly find out the cause.
• Zhè ge wèití jīhū méiyǒu rén dá de chū.
  这个问题几乎没有人答得出。
  This “ge” (of) question (-) (there) almost (does) not “exist” (any) person (who) has-the-potential-to be-able-to answer.

(2) Verb + 不出

• Wǒ shuō bu chū nà ge shēngyīn shì cóng nǎ ge fāngxiàng lái de.
  我说不出那个声音是从哪个方向来的。
  I cannot tell (it) is which direction that (the) sound came from.
• Nǐ yǐwéi dàjiā kàn bu chū nǐ yǒu duō nánguò ma?
  你以为大家看不出你有多难过吗？
  (Do) you think everyone (does) not-have-the-potential-to be-able-to see how sad you are?

(3) Verb + 得出来

• Wǒ kàn de chūlái tā duì shéi dōu bù guānxīn, tā zhǐ guānxīn tā zìjǐ.
  我看得出来他对谁都不关心，他只关心他自己。
  I can see that he does not care about anyone, he only cares about himself.
• Wǒ kàn de chūlái nǐ duì Zhōngguó wénhuà bǐjiào gǎn xìngqù.
  我看得出来你对中国文化比较感兴趣。
  I have-the-potential-to be-able-to see (that) you feel comparatively interested towards Chinese culture.

(4) Verb + 不出来

• Tā lèi de chàng bu chūlái le.
  他累得唱不出来了。
  He was so tired that he could not sing-“out”.
• Nǐ tīng bù chūlái tā hěn guānxīn nǐ ma?
  你听不出来他很关心你吗？
  (Do) you not-have-the-potential-to be-able-to hear(-and-tell) (that) he cares-about you very-much?

(5) Verb + 得出 + Object / Verb + 得出 + Object + 来

• Zhè bǎ jiù jítā hái tán de chū shēngyīn (lái).
  这把旧吉他还弹得出声音。
  这把旧吉他还弹得出声音来。
  This “ba” (of) old guitar (-) he can still play-(“out”) sound.
• Zhè tái xiàngjī suīrán hěn jiù, dàn pāi de chū zhàopiàn (lái).
  这台相机虽然很旧，但拍得出照片。
  这台相机虽然很旧，但拍得出照片来。
  This “tai” (of) camera although (is) very old, but (it) has-the-potential-to be-able-to take photos.

(6) Verb + 不出 + Object / Verb + 不出 + Object + 来

• Tā gāoxìng de jīhū shuō bu chū huà (lái).
  他高兴得几乎说不出话。
  他高兴得几乎说不出话来。
  He was so happy that he could hardly speak.
• Zhè liǎng zhǒng chá, wǒ hē bu chū shénme bù yíyàng de dìfang (lái).
  这两种茶，我喝不出什么不一样的地方。
  这两种茶，我喝不出什么不一样的地方来。
  I cannot tell any difference between these two kinds of tea as I drink them.