In this HSK 3 video lesson we'll review 趋向补语 (Qūxiàng Bǔyǔ ▸ Complements of Direction) in Chinese and we'll also learn three more verbs that can be used as 趋向补语 (Qūxiàng Bǔyǔ ▸ Complements of Direction).
☑ See also 趋向补语 (Qūxiàng Bǔyǔ ▸ Complements of Direction). |
☑ See also Summary of 补语 (Bǔyǔ ▸ Complements). |
Verbs that suggest "direction of motion" are 趋向动词 (Qūxiàng Dòngcí ▸ Directional Verbs).
Before we have learned these 趋向动词 (Qūxiàng Dòngcí ▸ Directional Verbs):
A 趋向动词 can be used as 趋向补语, following this structure:
VERB1 | verb2 |
Verb | Directional Verb used as Complement of Direction of VERB1 |
suggests manner or nature of the motion
(by walking, climbing, running, or driving? returning, or leaving?...) |
suggests the direction or path of this motion
(coming towards, or going away? entering or exiting? ascending or descending?…) |
趋向动词 (Qūxiàng Dòngcí ▸ Directional Verbs) 来, 去, 进, 出, 回, 到 can all be used as 趋向补语 (Qūxiàng Bǔyǔ ▸ Complements of Direction):
Verb | Complement of Direction | Verb-Complement Phrase |
chū 出 to exit |
lái 来 to come (towards) |
chū lai 出来 to exit "coming out of" |
jìn 进 to enter |
qù 去 to go (away from) |
jìn qu 进去 to enter "going into" |
zǒu 走 to walk |
jìn 进 to enter |
zǒu jin 走进 to walk "into" |
ná 拿 to take |
chū 出 to exit |
ná chu 拿出 to take "out" |
jiē 接 to pick-up |
huí 回 to return |
jiē hui 接回 to pick-up "back" |
sòng 送 to send |
dào 到 to arrive |
sòng dao 送到 to send "arriving to" |
☑ See also 方位词 (Fāngwèi Míngcí ▸ Locality Nouns): 上 下 里 外 前面 后面. |
上 and 下 can be 方位名词 (Fāngwèi Míngcí ▸ Locality Nouns) and also 趋向动词 (Qūxiàng Dòngcí ▸ Directional Verbs):
上 |
下 |
|
方位名词 Locality Nouns |
surface; the area above | the area underneath |
趋向动词 Directional Verbs |
to move upwards; to ascend | to move downwards; to descend |
趋向动词 (Qūxiàng Dòngcí ▸ Directional Verbs) 上, 下 can be used as 趋向补语 (Qūxiàng Bǔyǔ ▸ Complements of Direction):
Verb | Complement of Direction | Verb-Complement Phrase |
pá 爬 to climb |
shàng 上 to move upwards |
pá shang 爬上 to climb "upwards" |
pá 爬 to climb |
xià 下 to move downwards |
pá xia 爬下 to climb "downwards" |
fàng 放 to place; to put |
shàng 上 to move upwards |
fàng shang 放上 to put "up(to)" |
fàng 放 to place; to put |
xià 下 to move downwards |
fàng xia 放下 to put "down" |
Let's see some example sentences:
(1) 跑上 / 跑下
(2) 走上 / 走下
(3) 放上 / 放下
☑ See also Dynamic / Aspect Particle 过. |
过 can be 动态助词 (Dòngtài Zhùcí ▸ Dynamic Particle; Aspect Particle ) and also 趋向动词 (Qūxiàng Dòngcí ▸ Directional Verbs):
过 |
|
动态助词 Dynamic Particle; Aspect Particle |
suggesting that the action or event is something that has ever happened before |
趋向动词 Directional Verbs |
(1) to move from one place to another; to pass by, to pass through, or to go by a place (2) to move from one time point to another time point; to go through/pass a time (period/point) |
趋向动词 (Qūxiàng Dòngcí ▸ Directional Verbs) 过 can be used as 趋向补语 (Qūxiàng Bǔyǔ ▸ Complements of Direction):
Verb | Complement of Direction | Verb-Complement Phrase |
zǒu 走 to walk |
guò 过 to pass |
zǒu guo 走过 to walk “passing” |
fēi 飞 to fly |
guò 过 to pass |
fēi guo 飞过 to fly "passing" |
yóu 游 to swim |
guò 过 to pass |
yóu guo 游过 to swim "passing" |
Let's see some example sentences:
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