Level 3 Lesson 46.2 – 谁的看法和我相同，谁就举手。
GRAMMAR: The Flexible use of the Question Pronouns(Part 4): Specific Reference, 疑问代词的活用 (四): 特指
In this HSK 3 video lesson we'll learn about 疑问代词的活用 (四): 特指 (yíwèn dàicí de huóyòng (sì): tèzhǐ) The Flexible use of the Question Pronouns(Part 4): Specific Reference. We will be using the following Question Pronouns:
- 谁(shéi; shuì ▸ who; whom)
- 什么(shénme▸ what)
- 哪(nǎ ▸ which)
- 哪里/哪儿/什么地方(nǎlǐ/nǎr/shénme dìfang ▸ where; what place)
- 什么时候(shénme shíhou ▸ what time; when)
- 怎么(zěnme ▸ how; how come)
- 多少/几(duōshao/jǐ ▸ how many; how much)
GRAMMAR
Summary. 疑问代词的活用
Yíwèn Dàicí de huóyòng ▸ The Flexible use of the Question Pronouns
See also 疑问代词的活用(一)：反问 The Flexible Use of the Question Pronouns - Part 1): Wh- Rhetorical Questions.
Grammar 1. 疑问代词“谁”的活用：特指
Yíwèn dàicí "shéi" de huóyòng: Tèzhǐ ▸ The Flexible Use of Question Pronoun 谁: Specific Reference
| Sentence | 谁1知道谁2就可以回答。 | ||
| Grammatical
Structure |
谁1知道 | 谁2就可以回答 | |
| 谁1=任何人; anyone; whoever | 谁2=任何知道的人; anyone who knows | ||
| Meaning | 如果谁知道，谁就可以回答。 | ||
| “Whoever” knows “whoever” “then” can answer (it). | |||
| (If) “anyone” knows “they(/this-person)” “then” can answer (it). | |||
Let's see more example sentences:
- Zhè bǎ jítā wǒ bú yào le, shéi xūyào shéi jiù náqù yòng ba!
这把吉他我不要了，谁需要谁就拿去用吧！
This “ba” (of) guitar (-) I (do) not want-to-own (it) (anymore), “whoever” needs (it) “whoever” “then” take (it) over (and) use (it)!
This “ba” (of) guitar (-) I (do) not want-to-own (it) (anymore), (if) “anyone” needs (it) “they” “then” take (it) over (and) use (it)! - Shéi de kànfǎ hé wǒ xiāngtóng, shéi jiù jǔshǒu.
谁的看法和我相同，谁就举手。
“Whoever”’s opinion (is) the-same with me, “whoever” “then” raise-hand.
(If) “anyone”’s opinion (is) the-same with me, “they(/this-person)” “then” raise-hand.
Grammar 2. 疑问代词“什么”的活用：特指
Yíwèn dàicí "shénme" de huóyòng: Tèzhǐ ▸ The Flexible Use of Question Pronoun 什么: Specific Reference
Let's see some example sentences:
- Zěnme huì dānxīn shénme, jiù fāshēng shénme ne?
怎么会担心什么，就发生什么呢？
How-come (I) would worry-about “whatever”, “then” (there) (would) “happen” “whatever”?
How-come (I) would worry-about “anything”, “then” (there) (would) “happen” “it(/this-thing)”? - Nǐ yǒu shénme yāoqiú, wǒ jiù zuò shénme.
你有什么要求，我就做什么。
You have “whatever” requirements, I (will) just do “whatever”.
(If) you have “any” requirements, I (will) “then” do “it(/this-thing)”. - Búyào shénme róngyì xué shénme, yīnggāi xué duì zìjǐ wèilái fāzhǎn yǒu bāngzhù de dōngxi.
不要什么容易学什么，应该学对自己未来发展有帮助的东西。
(Do) not (-) “whatever” (that is) easy learn “whatever”, (we) should learn things (that) have help to (our)selves’ future development.
(Do) not (-) “anything” (that is) easy (then) learn “it(/this-thing)”, (we) should learn things (that) have help to (our)selves’ future development.
Grammar 3. 疑问代词“哪”的活用：特指
Yíwèn dàicí "nǎ" de huóyòng: Tèzhǐ ▸ The Flexible Use of Question Pronoun 哪: Specific Reference
Let's see some example sentences:
- Nǐ nǎ tiān yǒu kòng jiù nǎ tiān jiǎnchá, bú yòng zháojí.
你哪天有空就哪天检查，不用着急。
(If) you (on) “whichever” day (are) having-free(-time)(,) “then” (you) (on) “whichever” day check, not-needing-to be-impatient(-and-)anxious.
(If) you (one) “any” day (are) having-free(-time)(,) “then” (you) (on) “that” day check, not-needing-to be-impatient(-and-)anxious. - Xué le nǎ ge cíyǔ, jiù yòng nǎ ge cíyǔ zàojù.
学了哪个词语，就用哪个词语造句。
(As-long-as you have) learned “whichever” (one) “ge” (of) word, “then” (you) use “whichever” (one) “ge” (of) word to make(-a-)sentence.
(As-long-as you have) learned “any” (one) “ge” (of) word, “then” (you) use “this” (one) “ge” (of) word to make(-a-)sentence. - Nǐ duì nǎ duàn lìshǐ gèng gǎn xìngqù, jiù xiān xué nǎ duàn.
你对哪段历史更感兴趣，就先学哪段。
(If) you feel-interest towards “whichever” section (of) history, “then” (you) first learn “whichever” section (of history).
(If) you feel-interested towards “any” section (of) history, “then” (you) first learn “that” section (of history).
Grammar 4. 疑问代词“哪里/哪儿/什么地方”的活用：特指
Yíwèn dàicí "nǎlǐ/nǎr/shénme dìfang" de huóyòng: Tèzhǐ ▸ The Flexible Use of Question Pronouns 哪里/哪儿/什么地方: Specific Reference
Let's see some example sentences:
- Nǎr fāzhǎn de bǐjiào hǎo, wǒ dāngrán jiù qù nǎr zhǎo gōngzuò.
哪儿发展得比较好，我当然就去哪儿找工作。
(As-long-as) “wherever” develops comparatively good, I of-course “then” (will) go “wherever” to look-for (a) job.
(As-long-as) “anywhere” develops comparatively good, I of-course “then” (will) go “there” to look-for (a) job. - Nǎlǐ bǐjiào róngyì chū wèntí, wǒmen jiù jiǎnchá nǎlǐ.
哪里比较容易出问题，我们就检查哪里。
(As-long-as) “wherever” comparatively (is) easy to appear problems, we “then” check “wherever”.
(As-long-as) “anywhere” comparatively (is) easy to appear problems, we “then” check “there”. - Shénme dìfang yǒu hé zhèr xiāngtóng de shēnghuó shuǐpíng, wǒ jiù yuànyì qù shénme dìfang.
什么地方有和这儿相同的生活水平，我就愿意去什么地方。
(As-long-as) “whatever-place” “exists” the-same level (of) life (quality) with here, I “then” am-willing to go to “whatever-place”.
(As-long-as) “any-place” “exists” the-same level (of) life (quality) with here, I “then” am-willing to go “there”.
Grammar 5. 疑问代词“什么时候”的活用：特指
Yíwèn dàicí "shénme shíhou" de huóyòng: Tèzhǐ ▸ The Flexible Use of Question Pronoun 什么时候: Specific Reference
Let's see some example sentences:
- Wǒ shénme shíhou kǎo guò le HSK Sān, Shéme shíhou jiù kěyǐ qù Zhōngguó dú dàxué le.
我什么时候考过了HSK3，什么时候就可以去中国读大学了。
(As-long-as) I (at) “whatever-time” take-test(-and-)pass HSK3, (I at) “whatever-time” “then” can go-to China to attend university.
(As-long-as) I (at) “any time” take-test(-and-)pass HSK3, (I at) “that-time” “then” can go-to China to attend university. - Nǐ shénme shíhou bàn hǎo qiānzhèng, wǒmen jiù shénme shíhou chūguó lǚyóu.
你什么时候办好签证，我们就什么时候出国旅游。
You “whatever-time” handle-good visa, we “then” “whatever-time” go-abroad to travel.
(Only-with-the-condition-that) you (at) “any time” (have) handle-good (the) visa”, we “then” (at) “that-time” go-abroad to travel.
Grammar 6. 疑问代词“怎么”的活用：特指
Yíwèn dàicí "zěnme" de huóyòng: Tèzhǐ ▸ The Flexible Use of Question Pronoun 怎么: Specific Reference
Let's see some example sentences:
- Nǐ juéde zěnme zuò gèng róngyì, jiù zěnme zuò.
你觉得怎么做更容易，就怎么做。
(As-long-as) you think “however” do more easy, “then” “however” do (it).
(As-long-as) you think doing (it) (in) “any-manner” (is) more easy, “then” (you) (in) “that-manner” do (it). - Nǐ zěnme yāoqiú biérén, jiù yào xiān zěnme yāoqiú zìjǐ.
你怎么要求别人，就要先怎么要求自己。
You “however” demand other-people, (you) “then” should first “however” demand (your)self.
(No-matter) you (in) “any-manner” demand other-people, (you) “then” should first (in) “that-manner” demand (your)self.
Grammar 7. 疑问代词“多少/几”的特用：特指
Yíwèn dàicí "duōshao/jǐ" de huóyòng: Tèzhǐ ▸ The Flexible Use of Question Pronouns 多少/几: Specific Reference
Let's see some example sentences:
- Guānyú Zhōngguó lìshǐ de shū, xuéxiào túshūguǎn yǒu hěn duō, nǐ xūyào duōshao jiù kěyǐ jiè duōshao.
关于中国历史的书，学校图书馆有很多，你需要多少就可以借多少。
Books about China(’s) history, (the) school library “exists” very many, you need “however-many” (,) “then” (you) can borrow “however-many”.
Books about China(’s) history, (the) school library “exists” very many , (if) you need “any-amount” (of them,) “then” (you) can borrow “that-many-amount” (of them). - Zuìjìn máng zhè ge xiàngmù xīnkǔ le, zuìhǎo xiūxi yí duàn shíjiān ba, nǐ xiǎng xiūxi jǐ tiān jiù xiūxi jǐtiān.
最近忙这个项目辛苦了，最好休息一段时间吧，你想休息几天就休息几天。
(In) recent-times (being) busy (with) this project (has been) laborious (for you), (it) would-be-the-best (for you to) rest one period (of) time, you want to rest “however-many” days(,) “then” (you) rest “however-many” days.
(In) recent-times (being) busy (with) this project (has been) laborious (for you), (it) would-be-the-best (for you to) rest one period (of) time, you want to rest “any-amount” (of) days(,) “then” (you) rest “that-many-amount” (of) days.