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Level 3 Lesson 5.2 – 我昨天晚上没有睡着。

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GRAMMAR: 1. 结果补语 "到"; 2. 结果补语 "好"; 3. 一些别的结果补语 Complements of Result

In this HSK 3 video lesson we'll learn about 结果补语 Complements of Result. We'll practice how to use 结果补语 "好", 结果补语"到" and some other 结果补语.

  • 结果补语"到"
  • 结果补语 "好"
  • Some other 结果补语

GRAMMAR


Grammar 1. 结果补语 "到"

Jiéguǒ Bǔyǔ "dào" ▸ Complement of Result "到"

  See also 结果补语(Jiéguǒ Bǔyǔ "dào" ▸ Complements of Result).

  1. a 结果补语 goes after a verb
  2. all 结果补语 generally indicate the meaning of "reaching a result"
  3. different words can be used as 结果补语
  4. different 结果补语 indicate separate meanings on top of the basic meaning of "reaching a result"

“到” can be used as a 结果补语 (Jiéguǒ Bǔyǔ "dào" ▸ Complements of Result) after a verb to indicate:

  1. 动作已经做了 the action has been completed
  2. 这个动作有一个结果 the intended result is successfully achieved, because this action is performed

For example,

  • Xīnglixiāng nádào le ma?
    行李箱拿到了吗?
    (The) luggage (has been) fetched-(with the intended result successfully achieved) (already)?
  • Nǐ zhǎodào hùzhào le ma?
    你找到护照了吗?
    (Have) you seek-(with the intended result successfully achieved) (the) passport (already)?  / (Have) you found (the) passport (already)?
  • Chènshān de jiàgé yǐjīng wèndào le.
    衬衫的价格已经问到了。
    (The) price (of the) shirt (has been) asked-(with the result of-achieving-the-intention-of-getting-an-answer).

 

Grammar 3. 结果补语 "好"

Jiéguǒ Bǔyǔ "hǎo" ▸ Complement of Result "好"

"好" can be used as the 结果补语 (Jiéguǒ Bǔyǔ ▸ Complement of Result) after a verb to indicate:

  1. the action is complete and the result is satisfactory
  2. (usually) since this action is done and done well, it’s ready for the next action or event

For example,

  • Wǒ zuótiān wǎnshang méiyǒu xiūxihǎo.
    我昨天晚上没有休息好。
    I (did) not rest well last night. with the intended result successfully and satisfactorily achieved
  • Wǒ yǐjīng zhǔnbèihǎo jiǔyuè qù kǎo HSK le.
    我已经准备好九月去考HSK了。
    I (have) already prepared well (and ready) to go take (the) HSK test (in) September. with the intended result successfully, satisfactorily achieved and ready for the next action
  • Shuǐguǒ xǐhǎo le, kuài qǐng kèrén chī ba!
    水果洗好了,快请客人吃吧!
    (The) fruit (has been) washed-(with a satisfactory intended result and is ready), hurry up (and) offer (it to the) guest(s) to eat!

 

Grammar 2. 别的结果补语

Bié De Jiéguǒ Bǔyǔ ▸ Other Complements of Result

 

(1) 结果补语 "上"(shàng ▸achieving a result)

  • Wǒ kǎoshàng le zhèlǐ zuì hǎo de Hànyǔ xuéxiào.
    了这里最好的汉语学校。
    I took-test-(with the result of getting in) the best Chinese school here.
  • Xǐshǒujiān de mén zěnme méi guānshàng?
    洗手间的门怎么没
    How come (the) restroom door (has) not (been) closed-(with the intended result achieved)?
  • Tā dàishàng le yì dǐng màozi.
    了一顶帽子。
    He (has) put-on-(with-the-intended-result-achieved) a “ding” (of) hat/beanie.
  • Nǐ chuānshàng xiézi le méi?
    穿鞋子了没?
    (Have) you put-on-(with-the-intended-result-achieved) (the) shoes?

 

(2) 结果补语 "懂" (dǒng▸achieving the result of understanding)

Lǎoshī shàngkè shuō de nǐ tīngdǒng le méiyǒu?
老师上课说的你了没有?
(The stuff that) (the) teacher said (when) giving class (-) (did) you listen-(with the result of)-understanding (or) not?

 

(3) 结果补语 "着" (zháo▸achieving a result)

Wǒ zuótiān wǎnshang méiyǒu shuìzháo.
我昨天晚上没有
I (did) not sleep-(with the result of)-falling asleep last night.

 

(4) 结果补语 "胖" (pàng ▸ achieving the result of being fat)

Wǒ yòu zhǎngpàng le.
我又了。
I (have) again grown-(with the result of-getting)-fat (already). / I (have) “managed to” gain weight again.

 

(5) 结果补语 "完" (wán▸ achieving the result of finishing)

  • Wǒ huàwán shì huàwán le, kě huà de bù hǎokàn.
    是画完了,可画得不好看。
    (Admitting the fact that) I drew-(with the result of)-finishing-(drawing), but (I) drew very not good-looking.
  • Nà tào shū shì qùnián xiěwán de.
    那套书是去年的。
    That series (of) book (-) (it) was last year (that) (they have been) written-(with the result of)-(being)-finished.
  • Zǒuwán zhè tiáo lù wǎng yòu zài zǒu wǔ gōnglǐ.
    这条路往右再走五公里。
    (After) walking-(with the result of)-finishing-(walking) this “tiao” (of) road more over walk five kilometers.

 

(6) 结果补语 "清楚" (qīngchu▸ achieving the result of being clear)

  • Kāichē de shíhou yào kànqīngchu qiánmiàn.
    开车的时候要清楚前面。
    While driving (people/you/…) should look-(with the result of)-(seeing)-clearly (the) front.
  • Nǐ xiǎngqīngchu le méiyǒu? Yàobuyào gēn tā fēnshǒu?
    清楚了没有?要不要跟他分手?
    (Have) you thought-(with the result of)-thinking-clearly (or) not? (Do you) plan to (or) not to break up with him?
  • Wǒ xiǎng gēn nǐ shuō qīngchu, zhè bú shì wǒ de cuò.
    我想跟你清楚,这不是我的错。
    I want to say/explain-(with the result of)-(saying it)-clearly with you, this is not my fault.

 

(7) 结果补语 "对" (duì▸ achieving the result of being correct or right)

  • Nǐ shuō duì le, zhèr zhēnde méiyǒu xǐshǒujiān.
    了,这儿真的没有洗手间。
    You said-(with the result of)-(saying it)-right, there really isn’t (any) bathroom here.
  • Nǐ zhǎoduì dìfang le, zhèr búdàn piányi, érqiě hǎochī.
    地方了,这儿不但便宜,而且好吃。
    You looked-for-(with the result of)-(finding)-correctly (the) place, here (is) not only inexpensive, but also tasty.
  • Zhè jiàn shì nǐ zuòduì le, dàjiā dōu hěn gāoxìng.
    这件事你了,大家都很高兴。
    This “jian” thing (-) you do-“correct” -le, everyone all very happy. / This thing (-) you did (it) right, everyone was happy.

 

(8) 结果补语 "错" (cuò▸ achieving the result of being incorrect or wrong)

  • Zhè dào tí wǒ zuò duì le, tā zuò cuò le.
    这道题我做对了,他了。
    This “dao” (of) test question (-) I did-(with the result of)-(doing it)-right, he did-(with the result of)-(doing it)-wrong.
  • Zhè jiàn shì nǐ zhēnde zuòcuò le, dàjiā dōu bù gāoxìng le.
    这件事你真的了,大家都不高兴了。
    This “jian” thing (-) you really do-“wrong” -le, everyone all unhappy -le. / This thing (-) you really did (it) wrong, everyone was unhappy.
  • Duìbuqǐ, wǒ méi dài yǎnjìng, kàncuò le, nà ge bú shì wǒ yéye.
    对不起,我没戴眼镜,了,那个不是我爷爷。
    Sorry, I (did) not wear glasses, I looked-(with the result of)-(seeing it)-wrong, that “ge” (of person) is not my grandpa.
  • Wǒ nácuò le xínglixiāng, zhè ge shì biérén de.
    了行李箱,这个是别人的。
    I took-(with the result of)-(taking) (the) suitcase wrong, this “ge” (of suitcase) is someone else’s.
  • Zhè tiáo kùzi de jiàgé xiěcuò le ba?
    这条裤子的价格了吧?
    (The) price (of) this “tiao” (of) pants (was) written-(with the result of)-(being written)-wrong (,) right?
  • Duìbuqǐ, wǒ xiǎngcuò le, zhè zhǒng màozi bú shì tā yǎo de.
    对不起,我了,这种帽子不是他要的。
    Sorry, I thought-(with the result of)-(thinking it)-wrong, this “type ” (of) hat/beanie is not (what) he wants to have.
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