Level 3 Lesson 30.2 – 这位司机和我爸爸像极了。

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GRAMMAR: 1) Complements of Degree; 2) Relational Verb 像; 3) Figure of Speech: Simile

In this HSK 3 video lesson we'll learn 程度补语 (chéngdù bǔyǔ Complements of Degree), 关系动词“像” (guānxì dòngcí “xiàng” Relational Verb “像”) and a 修辞手法: 比喻 (xiūcí shǒufǎ: bǐyù Figure of Speech: Simile).

  • 程度补语 (chéngdù bǔyǔ Complements of Degree)
  • 关系动词“像” (guānxì dòngcí “xiàng” Relational Verb “像”)
  • 修辞手法: 比喻 (xiūcí shǒufǎ: bǐyù Figure of Speech: Simile)
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GRAMMAR

Summary. 补语 2

Bǔyǔ ▸ Complements

We have learned different types of 补语 (Bǔyǔ ▸ Complements) before and are familiar of them already.

 ☑ See also Summary of 补语 1 (Bǔyǔ ▸ Complements).

For example (characters marked in red are 补语),

状态补语/情态补语 (Zhuàngtài Bǔyǔ / Qíngtài Bǔyǔ ▸ Complements of State)

  • zhuàn de duō
    赚得多
    to earn-money (with the state of being) much
  • pá de kuài
    爬得快
    to climb (with the state of being) fast

 

趋向补语 (Qūxiàng Bǔyǔ ▸ Complements of Direction)

  • shàng qu
    上去
    to go (with the direction of) going-there
  • fēi lai
    飞来
    to fly (with the direction of) coming-here

 

结果补语 (Jiéguǒ Bǔyǔ ▸ Complements of Result)

  • tōu zǒu
    偷走
    to steal (with the result of) (the item being) stolen-away
  • júdìng hǎo
    决定好
    to decide (with the result of) decide-well-and-ready

 

可能补语 (Kěnéng Bǔyǔ ▸ Potential Complements)

  • zuò de xià
    坐得下
    to sit (with the capacity potential to be able to) sit-down (the mentioned amount of people)
  • zuò bu xià
    坐不下
    to sit (without the capacity potential to be able to) sit-down (the mentioned amount of people)

 

  • wàng de liǎo
    忘得了
    to forget (with the potential to be able to) forget
  • wàng bu liǎo
    忘不了
    to forget (without the potential to be able to) forget

 

数量补语 (Shùliàng Bǔyǔ ▸ Complements of Quantity)

(1) 动量补语 (Dòngliàng Bǔyǔ ▸ Complements of Frequency) (I), (II) and (III)

    • hē yí cì jiǔ
      喝一次酒
      to drink(, for) one time(,) alcohol
    • kàn yì chǎng bǐsài
      看一场比赛
      to watch(, for) one duration-of-time(,) match

(2) 时量补语 (Shíliàng Bǔyǔ ▸ Complements Time-Duration) (I) and (II)

    • tán yí kè zhōng gāngqín
      弹一刻钟钢琴
      to play(, for) 15-minutes(,) piano
    • fā jǐ tiān shāo
      发几天烧
      to have(, for) several-days(,) fever

 

Grammar 1. 程度补语

Chéngdù Bǔyǔ ▸ Complements of Degree

In today's lesson we'll learn how to use 极了 to say 程度补语 (Chéngdù Bǔyǔ ▸ Complements of Degree). It can be used after an adjective predicate and also a verb predicate.

We follow this structure:

adj.  +  极了

adj. 

+

极

了
谓语 wèiyǔ Predicate 程度补语 chéngdù bǔyǔ Complement of Degree 语气助词 yǔqì zhùcí Modal Particle
(no particular meaning, but has to be used to complete the sentence)

 

Below are example sentences:

  • Yínháng zhuàn de qián duō jí le.
    银行赚的钱多极了。
    (The) money (that the) banks make (are) much-(to the degree:)-extremely.
  • Tā shuō de huà ràng wǒ xīn li nánguò jí le.
    他说的话让我心里难过极了。
    (The) words (that) he said made me (-) heart-inside sad-(to the degree:)-extremely.
  • Tiān shang de xīngxing duō jí le.
    天上的星星多极了。
    (The) stars (on the) sky-surface (are) many-(to the degree:)-extremely.

 

v.  +  极了

v. 

+

极

了
谓语 wèiyǔ Predicate
(usually 状态动词 zhuàngtài dòngcí Stative Verb or
关系动词 guānxì dòngcí Relational Verb)		 程度补语 chéngdù bǔyǔ Complement of Degree 语气助词 yǔqì zhùcí Modal Particle
(no particular meaning, but has to be used to complete the sentence)

Below are example sentences:

  • Nà ge xiǎotōu wǒ tǎoyàn jí le.
    那个小偷我讨厌极了。
    That “ge” (of) thief (-) I hate-(to the degree:)-extremely.
  • Tā xīn li hàipà jí le.
    他心里害怕极了。
    He (-) heart-inside fears-(to the degree:)-extremely.
  • Zhè wèi sījī hé wǒ bàba xiàng jí le.
    这位司机和我爸爸像极了。
    This “wei” (of) driver is-like my dad-(to the degree:)-extremely.

 

If there’s an object, we need to say the sentences like this:

verb. + Object + Verb 极了

对 + Object + Verb 极了

For example,

  • Tā xǐhuan zhè ge diànnǎo yóuxì xǐhuan jí le.
    她喜欢这个电脑游戏喜欢极了。
    She likes this “ge” (of) computer game likes-(to the degree:)-extremely.
  • Tā duì zhè ge diànnǎo yóuxì xǐhuan jí le.
    她对这个电脑游戏喜欢极了。
    She(,) towards this “ge” (of) computer game likes-(to the degree:)-extremely.

 

  • Tā hàipà kǎoshì hàipà jí le.
    他害怕考试害怕极了。
    He fears test fears-(to the degree:)-extremely.
  • Tā duì kǎoshì hàipà jí le.
    他对考试害怕极了。
    He(,) towards test(,) fears-(to the degree:)-extremely.

 

  • Wǒ xiǎng nǐ xiǎng jí le.
    我想你想极了。
    I miss you miss-(to the degree:)-extremely.
  • But we cannot say X我对你想极了。

 

Grammar 2. 关系动词“像”

Guānxì Dòngcí “xiàng” ▸ Relational Verb “像”

We have learned other 关系动词 (Guānxì Dòngcí ▸ Relational Verbs) before, for example 是, 叫, 有:

 ☑ See also 是 (shì ▸ to be); 叫 (jiào ▸ to be called); 有(yǒu ▸ to have); 有(yǒu ▸ to exist).

For example,

  • Xiǎo gǒu de máo shì bái sè de.
    小狗的毛是白色的。
    (The) little dog’s hair is (something that is of the) white-color.

 

  • Nà wèi sījī jiào Lǎo Zhāng.
    那位司机叫老张。
    That “wei” (of) driver is-called Old Zhang.

 

  • Wǒ yǒu yì tái yóuxì jī.
    我有一台游戏机。
    I have one “tai” (of) game-machine.
  • Tiān shang yǒu nàme duō xīngxing.
    天上有那么多星星。
    (On the) sky-surface (there) exists that many stars.

 

In today's lesson we have another 关系动词 (Guānxì Dòngcí Relational Verbs) 像. We can use it in two structures A像B and A像B一样.

 

A像B

A像B indicates

  • A和B在有的地方有点儿一样
  • A is similar as B
  • A is like B
  • A seems like B
  • A resembles B

Below are example sentences:

  • Comparison
    Zhè ge wèidào xiàng hóng chá.
    这个味道像红茶。
    This “ge” (of) flavor/taste is-like black-tea.
  • Simile
    Nà duǒ yún xiàng yì pǐ mǎ.
    那朵云像一匹马。
    That “duo” (of) cloud is-like one “pi” (of) horse.

A像B一样 + adj.

"A像B一样 + adj." indicates

  • A “to be like” “the same” adj. as B.

Below are example sentences:

  • Comparison
    Tā xuéxí xiàng nǐ yíyàng rènzhēn.
    他学习像你一样认真。
    He studies the-same- carful(ly)-like you.
  • Simile
    Xiǎo gǒu de máo xiàng xuě yíyàng bái.
    小狗的毛像雪一样白。
    (The) little dog’s hair is-the-same-white-like snow.

 

Grammar 3. 修辞手法: 比喻

Xiūcí Shǒufǎ: Bǐyù ▸ Figure of Speech: Simile

比喻 (Bǐyù ▸ Simile)，A像B, or A像B一样, is to describe the characteristics of A using B, which has similar characteristics as A.

  • Tiān shang de xīngxing xiàng háizi de yǎnjing.
    天上的星星像孩子的眼睛。
    (The) stars (on the) sky-surface are-like children’s eyes.
  • Shēnghuó xiàng yì chǎng yóuxì.
    生活像一场游戏。
    Life is-like one “chang(time-duration)” (of) game.
  • Nǐ shuō de huà xiàng táng yíyàng tián.
    你说的话像糖一样甜。
    (The) words you say are-the-same-sweet-like candy.

 

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